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USB-C vs. Thunderbolt: Understanding the Differences

Last Update: April 22nd, 2025
Article ID: 3234661

At first glance, USB-C and Thunderbolt ports may look the same, but their capabilities can vary significantly. Understanding these differences is key to ensuring compatibility and getting the most out of your Plugable devices.

What is USB-C?

USB-C is a type of connector that supports a range of protocols including data transfer, video output, and charging. It's widely adopted across modern laptops, smartphones, tablets, and more.

Common USB-C Standards:

  • USB 3.0 / 3.1 Gen 1: Up to 5Gbps data transfer.
  • USB 3.2 Gen 2: Up to 10Gbps data transfer.
  • USB 3.2 Gen 2x2: Up to 20Gbps data transfer.
  • USB4: Up to 40Gbps data transfer, supports DisplayPort 1.4 and optional Thunderbolt 3 compatibility.

Note: USB-C ports may or may not support features like video output (DisplayPort Alt Mode) or USB Power Delivery (PD). Always check your device's specs.

What is Thunderbolt?

Thunderbolt is a hardware interface developed by Intel (in collaboration with Apple for earlier versions) that builds on USB-C, but adds advanced features and higher performance.

Thunderbolt Versions:

Thunderbolt 3:

  • Up to 40Gbps data transfer
  • Supports two 4K displays or one 5K display
  • Supports USB, DisplayPort, and PCIe over a single cable
  • Provides up to 100w of Power Delivery (PD)

Thunderbolt 4:

  • Maintains Thunderbolt 3's speeds (40Gbps)
  • Support for dual 4K or one 8K display
  • Can be used with USB4 ports
  • Provides up to 100w of PD

Thunderbolt 5:

  • Up to 80Gbps bi-directional bandwidth, and up to 120Gbps in one direction for high-bandwidth applications (using Bandwidth Boost)
  • Supports dual 6K displays or a single high-refresh-rate 8K display
  • Backward compatible with Thunderbolt 4 and USB4
  • Enhanced PCIe support and improved power efficiency
  • Ideal for advanced gaming setups, content creation, and future-proof professional workflows

USB-C vs. Thunderbolt: Key Differences

Feature

USB-C

Thunderbolt 3/4/5

Connector

USB-C

USB-C

Max Data Speed

5-20Gbps (USB 3.x/USB4)

40Gbps (TB3/4), up to 120Gbps (TB5)

Video Output

Optional (Alt Mode)

(4K/6K/8K support)

Power Delivery

Optional

Up to 100W (240W for Thunderbolt 5 on USB-C PD 3.1)

PCIe Support

No

Yes

Daisy-Chaining Devices

No

Yes

How to Identify Each Port

  • Thunderbolt ports often have a lightning bolt symbol next to the port.
  • USB-C ports may be unmarked or show a symbol for power or DisplayPort.
  • Refer to your laptop or device’s technical specifications for confirmation.

Compatibility Tips

  • Thunderbolt 3/4/5 devices can typically connect to USB-C ports, but they will function at reduced capabilities (e.g., lower speeds, fewer display outputs).
  • USB-C devices can connect to Thunderbolt ports and work normally, but won’t take advantage of Thunderbolt’s full capabilities.

Understanding whether your device supports USB-C, Thunderbolt, or both can help you choose the right Plugable docking station or adapter for your needs. If you run into any questions, feel free to reach out to our support team at support@plugable.com